{"id":313,"date":"2024-08-31T13:27:41","date_gmt":"2024-08-31T05:27:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/?p=313"},"modified":"2024-08-31T14:50:09","modified_gmt":"2024-08-31T06:50:09","slug":"korundove-kulicky-s-vynikajicim-vykonem-pro-presne-brouseni-i-mimo-nej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/cs\/alumina-ball-superior-performance-for-precision-grinding-and-beyond\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuli\u010dky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho: vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkon pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 brou\u0161en\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 kuli\u010dky - \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 brou\u0161en\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely<\/h1>\n<p>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e1 koule je extr\u00e9mn\u011b odoln\u00e1 a vydr\u017e\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 opot\u0159eben\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prodlu\u017euje \u017eivotnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho jsou vysoce odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di struktur\u00e1ln\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm koroz\u00ed nebo struktur\u00e1ln\u00edmi posuny, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed jejich tvar.<\/p>\n<p>n\u011bkter\u00e9 kuli\u010dky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho typu 99 se mohou pochlubit n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho, tak\u017ee jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed chemickou odolnost, teplotn\u00ed odolnost nebo mechanickou pevnost, kter\u00e9 standardn\u00ed kuli\u010dky s vysok\u00fdm obsahem oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho nejsou schopny splnit.<\/p>\n<h2>Tvrdost<\/h2>\n<p>Kuli\u010dky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho jsou tvrd\u00e9 a pevn\u00e9, co\u017e z nich \u010din\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro brou\u0161en\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm smykem. Jejich tvrd\u00fd povrch nav\u00edc odol\u00e1v\u00e1 teplu, korozi a chemick\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm, tak\u017ee jsou v\u00fdjime\u010dnou volbou pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 brou\u0161en\u00ed, disperzi a le\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Hladk\u00fd povrch 12mm kuli\u010dek z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho s vysokou hustotou pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u00e1zet shlukov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo tvorb\u011b shluk\u016f v barv\u00e1ch a n\u00e1t\u011brech a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed velikosti \u010d\u00e1stic s vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitou n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f s vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed barevnou st\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Keramick\u00e9 inertn\u00ed kuli\u010dky maj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed adsorp\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti a mohou \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b odstra\u0148ovat vlhkost a ne\u010distoty z plyn\u016f a kapalin a funguj\u00ed jako vysou\u0161edla, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobky a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm b\u011bhem skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159epravy.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto kuli\u010dky maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 vysokou tepelnou stabilitu a odolnost, tak\u017ee jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro aplikace, jako jsou vyzd\u00edvky pec\u00ed a podpora katalyz\u00e1tor\u016f. Jejich schopnost odol\u00e1vat vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, ani\u017e by praskaly nebo se rozpadaly, z nich d\u011bl\u00e1 dobrou volbu v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch, jako jsou z\u00e1vody na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed chemik\u00e1li\u00ed; nav\u00edc mohou fungovat jako izolace a st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm, co\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u011bmto kuli\u010dk\u00e1m mnohostrann\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v oborech, jako je metalurgie, v\u00fdroba skla a tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Hustota<\/h2>\n<p>12mm kuli\u010dky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho s vysokou hustotou jsou vysoce odoln\u00e9 a dlouhodob\u011b spolehliv\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti ur\u010den\u00e9 k prodlou\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotnosti a v\u00fdkonu p\u0159esn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Jejich odolnost jim umo\u017e\u0148uje dob\u0159e pracovat v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s vysok\u00fdmi teplotami i ve sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch opot\u0159eben\u00ed; nav\u00edc jsou chemicky inertn\u00ed, tak\u017ee jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro procesy ut\u011bs\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vzduchu i pro \u010distic\u00ed\/desika\u010dn\u00ed operace.<\/p>\n<p>Tento produkt je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm nosn\u00fdm m\u00e9diem oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed olefin\u016f, jako jsou sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed reformery p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dpavku. Odol\u00e1v\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m bez vyluhov\u00e1n\u00ed oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd by mohl pokr\u00fdt navazuj\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo zne\u010distit lo\u017ee katalyz\u00e1toru; nav\u00edc je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed chemick\u00e9 odolnosti vhodn\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v pec\u00edch a reaktorech pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b ethylenu a petrochemick\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Inertn\u00ed keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako kryc\u00ed podp\u016frn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a v\u00fdpln\u011b v\u011b\u017e\u00ed k ochran\u011b katalyz\u00e1tor\u016f uvnit\u0159 reaktor\u016f. Vzhledem k vynikaj\u00edc\u00edmu pom\u011bru pevnosti a hmotnosti a rozm\u011brov\u00e9 st\u00e1losti jsou keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed volbou pro optimalizaci v\u00fdkonu katalyz\u00e1tor\u016f, proto\u017ee odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm, mechanick\u00fdm n\u00e1raz\u016fm, ot\u011bru i dal\u0161\u00edm form\u00e1m zneu\u017eit\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou v takov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch nastat.<\/p>\n<h2>Stabilita<\/h2>\n<p>korund Keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky s vysokou \u00farovn\u00ed tolerance neztr\u00e1cej\u00ed sv\u016fj tvar ani velikost ani p\u0159i velmi vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch a jsou vysoce trvanliv\u00e9 a odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di chemick\u00fdm korozivn\u00edm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m, co\u017e z nich \u010din\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed komponenty v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho jsou 12mm kuli\u010dky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho ide\u00e1ln\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro chemick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo keramick\u00e1 kuli\u010dkov\u00e1 lo\u017eiska.<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho nereaguj\u00ed snadno s jin\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly, jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed jako kryc\u00ed materi\u00e1l a materi\u00e1l pro balen\u00ed v\u011b\u017e\u00ed katalyz\u00e1tor\u016f p\u0159i rafinaci ropy, chemick\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b, technik\u00e1ch separace plyn\u016f, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu, ods\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed spalin a ods\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed spalin. Jejich inertn\u00ed povaha pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tlumit kapaliny vstupuj\u00edc\u00ed do reaktor\u016f p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00fdm vstupem a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zlep\u0161uje distribu\u010dn\u00ed body a z\u00e1rove\u0148 podporuje katalyz\u00e1tory s n\u00edzkou pevnost\u00ed, aby reakce prob\u00edhaly p\u0159i rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 teplot\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto inertn\u00ed keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako vysou\u0161edla ve farmaceutick\u00e9m, potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m a elektronick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu k odstran\u011bn\u00ed vlhkosti z vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00fdch nebo vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch produkt\u016f. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee tyto keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky mohou cestovat na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, ani\u017e by byla zavedena opat\u0159en\u00ed k odstran\u011bn\u00ed vlhkosti, je nezbytn\u00e9, aby z\u016fstaly such\u00e9, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu zm\u011bnami \u00farovn\u011b vlhkosti a faktory prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Odolnost<\/h2>\n<p>Keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho jsou vysoce spolehliv\u00e9 a odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 sni\u017eovat n\u00e1klady na opot\u0159eben\u00ed a prostoje zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 opot\u0159eben\u00edm. Nav\u00edc jsou d\u00edky sv\u00e9 odolnosti v\u016f\u010di chemick\u00e9 korozi ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro mnoho n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Keramika s oxidem hlinit\u00fdm m\u00e1 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti ot\u011bru. Jejich n\u00edzk\u00fd koeficient t\u0159en\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1 maximalizovat \u00fa\u010dinnost a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sni\u017euje energetick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty ve stroj\u00edch a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, tak\u017ee jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro aplikace s vysok\u00fdm opot\u0159eben\u00edm, jako jsou kuli\u010dkov\u00e1 lo\u017eiska.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru keramick\u00fdch brusn\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 jejich trvanlivost. Materi\u00e1l mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, v\u010detn\u011b vysoce abrazivn\u00edch proces\u016f fr\u00e9zov\u00e1n\u00ed. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 prodlou\u017eit \u017eivotnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/p>\n<p>Keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho o pr\u016fm\u011bru 3,5 mm jsou chemicky inertn\u00ed, tak\u017ee jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. Proto\u017ee neinteraguj\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly, je chr\u00e1n\u011bna kontaminace a integrita za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>n\u011bkter\u00e9 99 Alumina Balls obsahuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u010distot ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed odr\u016fdy oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v aplikac\u00edch, kde teplotn\u00ed nebo chemick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed standardn\u00edch k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fdch kuli\u010dek - v\u010detn\u011b aplikac\u00ed v petrochemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b chemick\u00fdch hnojiv, zemn\u00edho plynu a ochran\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Aplikace<\/h2>\n<p>keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho maj\u00ed \u0159adu vyu\u017eit\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch a aplikac\u00edch inertn\u00edho druhu. Od vysou\u0161e\u010d\u016f v laborato\u0159\u00edch a\u017e po pomoc elektronice, kter\u00e1 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 b\u011bhem p\u0159epravy a p\u0159epravn\u00edch proces\u016f - inertn\u00ed korundov\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky hraj\u00ed neocenitelnou roli.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto inertn\u00ed keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho jsou \u0161iroce vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako nosn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia katalytick\u00e9ho lo\u017ee v aplikac\u00edch chemick\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vysok\u00e1 reaktivita a inertn\u00ed povaha oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed stabiln\u00ed povrch, kter\u00fd zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdkon chemick\u00fdch katalyz\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Jejich schopnost odol\u00e1vat vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m a chemick\u00e9 korozi z nich d\u011bl\u00e1 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jako \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fd materi\u00e1l v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pec\u00edch, kde jejich pru\u017en\u00fd povrch zaji\u0161\u0165uje \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd p\u0159enos tepla b\u011bhem oh\u0159evu a kalen\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k efektivit\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00ed paliva a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed CO2. Jejich konzistence a velikost tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozv\u00e1d\u011bt reaktanty po cel\u00e9m lo\u017ei, co\u017e zlep\u0161uje v\u00fdkon a \u00fa\u010dinnost reaktoru.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-317\" src=\"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/alumina-ball.jpg\" alt=\"koule z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho\" width=\"900\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/alumina-ball.jpg 900w, https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/alumina-ball-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/alumina-ball-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/alumina-ball-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/alumina-ball-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-319\" src=\"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Alumina-ceramic-Balls.jpg\" alt=\"Keramick\u00e9 kuli\u010dky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho\" width=\"805\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Alumina-ceramic-Balls.jpg 790w, https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Alumina-ceramic-Balls-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Alumina-ceramic-Balls-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Alumina-ceramic-Balls-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alumina Ball &#8211; Superior Performance for Precision Grinding and Beyond Alumina ball is extremely resilient, and can withstand extensive wear [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-product-related"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=313"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":320,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/313\/revisions\/320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}