{"id":114,"date":"2024-06-14T03:59:57","date_gmt":"2024-06-13T19:59:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/?p=114"},"modified":"2024-07-15T20:08:39","modified_gmt":"2024-07-15T12:08:39","slug":"tazba-bauxitu-a-rafinacia-oxidu-hliniteho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/sk\/bauxite-mining-and-alumina-refining\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0164a\u017eba bauxitu a rafin\u00e1cia oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Celosvetov\u00e1 produkcia bauxitu v objeme pribli\u017ene 85% sl\u00fa\u017ei ako surovina na v\u00fdrobu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. Austr\u00e1lia \u0165a\u017e\u00ed a rafinuje oxid hlinit\u00fd v Queenslande, Z\u00e1padnej Austr\u00e1lii, Severnom terit\u00f3riu a Tasm\u00e1nii s pou\u017eit\u00edm osved\u010den\u00fdch postupov \u0165a\u017eby a rafin\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 nepredstavuj\u00fa v\u00e1\u017ene zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 pri pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n<p>Charles Hall v Amerike a Paul Heroult vo Franc\u00fazsku nez\u00e1visle od seba navrhli v roku 1886 ekonomick\u00fd proces v\u00fdroby hlin\u00edka elektrol\u00fdzou roztaven\u00e9ho kryolitu; tento proces sa stal zn\u00e1mym ako Bayerov proces.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0164a\u017eba<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk je jedn\u00fdm z najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edch prvkov v pr\u00edrode, ale ned\u00e1 sa z\u00edska\u0165 v \u010distom stave. Namiesto toho sa vyskytuje vo forme r\u00f4znych zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn v hornin\u00e1ch a sedimentoch, pri\u010dom jeho hlavn\u00fdm svetov\u00fdm zdrojom je bauxitov\u00e1 hornina, ktor\u00e1 sa pred v\u00fdrobou hlin\u00edka mus\u00ed vy\u0165a\u017ei\u0165 a spracova\u0165 na oxid hlinit\u00fd v bansk\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch na celom svete.<\/p>\n<p>Pri \u0165a\u017ebe a rafin\u00e1cii hlin\u00edka vznik\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo odpadu, pri\u010dom ve\u013ek\u00e9 objemy toxick\u00e9ho odpadu, ako je TENORM, s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s viacer\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami vr\u00e1tane fibr\u00f3zy, mezoteli\u00f3mu a p\u013e\u00facnych ochoren\u00ed. Okrem toho sa \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 kovy z h\u00e1ld odpadu vyl\u00fahuj\u00fa do vodn\u00fdch zdrojov a kontaminuj\u00fa ich potenci\u00e1lne nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi hodnotami, ktor\u00e9 ohrozuj\u00fa integritu \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia.<\/p>\n<p>S cie\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 vplyv v\u00fdroby oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie sa investuj\u00fa zna\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky do san\u00e1cie ban\u00ed a obnovy pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch biotopov. \u017dia\u013e, t\u00e1to \u010dinnos\u0165 so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a ur\u010dit\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 pre zamestnancov v \u0165a\u017eobnom a rafin\u00e9rskom sektore, ktor\u00ed by mohli by\u0165 vystaven\u00ed respira\u010dn\u00fdm a ko\u017en\u00fdm ochoreniam vr\u00e1tane mezoteli\u00f3mu, rakoviny ko\u017ee a obli\u010diek, degenerat\u00edvnych p\u013e\u00facnych ochoren\u00ed alebo infek\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch v komunite, ako je mal\u00e1ria alebo hor\u00fa\u010dka dengue, ak s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 kom\u00e1re.<\/p>\n<p>Pri \u0165a\u017ebe bauxitu sa zvy\u010dajne vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa povrchov\u00e9 techniky a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu bauxitu na svete produkuj\u00fa Austr\u00e1lia, Guinea a \u010c\u00edna. Ke\u010f\u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina bauxitu sa vyskytuje v tropick\u00fdch oblastiach, mus\u00ed sa tu aj \u0165a\u017ei\u0165, pri\u010dom ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u0165a\u017eobn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti spravidla prev\u00e1dzkuj\u00fa bane v bl\u00edzkosti pr\u00edstavn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed s vy\u0161kolen\u00fdmi pracovn\u00fdmi silami v bl\u00edzkosti.<\/p>\n<p>V r\u00e1mci Bayerovho procesu sa bauxit rozdrv\u00ed, premyje a pomelie a potom sa pod vysok\u00fdm tlakom a teplotou rozpust\u00ed v hydroxide sodnom, \u010d\u00edm sa vytvor\u00ed pres\u00fdten\u00fd roztok hlinitanu sodn\u00e9ho, zn\u00e1my ako pregnantn\u00fd l\u00fah, ktor\u00fd sa potom pre\u010derp\u00e1 do vysok\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch precipit\u00e1tory, kde sa pridaj\u00fa semen\u00e1 hydroxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, aby sa pri ochladzovan\u00ed pregnantn\u00e9ho l\u00fahu vyzr\u00e1\u017eali pevn\u00e9 kry\u0161t\u00e1ly hydroxidu hlinit\u00e9ho - tento vyzr\u00e1\u017ean\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd sa potom filtruje a posiela priamo do skladovacieho priestoru na zvy\u0161ky bauxitu.<\/p>\n<h2>Pr\u00edprava<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk je jedn\u00fdm z najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edch prvkov na Zemi, zn\u00e1my svojou \u013eahkos\u0165ou, kujnos\u0165ou, tv\u00e1rnos\u0165ou a nekoroz\u00edvnymi vlastnos\u0165ami. Hlin\u00edk sa v\u0161ak, \u017eia\u013e, nevyskytuje v pr\u00edrode v kovovej forme, a preto sa mus\u00ed na jeho v\u00fdrobu \u0165a\u017ei\u0165. Bauxit sa mus\u00ed najprv spracova\u0165 na oxid hlinit\u00fd. Po v\u00fdrobe sa t\u00e1to l\u00e1tka m\u00f4\u017ee n\u00e1sledne formova\u0165 do r\u00f4znych tvarov, ako s\u00fa slim\u00e1ky, polotovary, ingoty a bloky, a\u017e nakoniec vznikne v\u00fdroba kovov\u00e9ho hlin\u00edka.<\/p>\n<p>Bauxit je hlavn\u00fdm zdrojom hlin\u00edka a zvy\u010dajne sa vyskytuje ako zvetran\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka zn\u00e1ma ako laterit alebo durikrust na r\u00f4znych vyvret\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e1 pozost\u00e1va z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, oxidu \u017eelezit\u00e9ho a oxidu kremi\u010dit\u00e9ho. Na v\u00fdrobu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho sa m\u00f4\u017eu ekonomicky vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 len lo\u017eisk\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa gibbsit a boehmit s obsahom 65, resp. 85 % hlin\u00edka; tak\u00e9to lo\u017eisk\u00e1 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 na oboch stran\u00e1ch rovn\u00edka.<\/p>\n<p>Na rozpustenie miner\u00e1lov obsahuj\u00facich hlin\u00edk v bauxite (gibbsitu, boehmitu a diasp\u00f3ru) sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa hor\u00face roztoky \u017eieravej s\u00f3dy. Tento proces sa naz\u00fdva digescia alebo l\u00fahovanie a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd pres\u00fdten\u00fd roztok hlinitanu sodn\u00e9ho sa naz\u00fdva pregnantn\u00fd l\u00fah. Po oddelen\u00ed od matersk\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho sa nerozpustn\u00fd oxid kremi\u010dit\u00fd v bauxite mus\u00ed oddeli\u0165 filtr\u00e1ciou od zvy\u0161n\u00e9ho \u010derven\u00e9ho bahna, ktor\u00e9 zostane po filtr\u00e1cii - a ktor\u00e9 sa nakoniec po filtr\u00e1cii vyhod\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00e1venie si vy\u017eaduje ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vody. Voda je potrebn\u00e1 aj pri v\u00fdrobe vodnej l\u00fahovitej s\u00f3dy a in\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, na pranie rudy, zvy\u0161kov, recyklovan\u00e9ho odpadu z l\u00fahovitej s\u00f3dy a odpadu, ako aj na \u00fa\u010dely zni\u017eovania pra\u0161nosti. Spotreba vody sa v jednotliv\u00fdch z\u00e1vodoch l\u00ed\u0161i v z\u00e1vislosti od kvality bauxitu, kon\u0161trukcie z\u00e1vodu a dostupnosti vody v ich regi\u00f3ne.<\/p>\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 postupy vy\u017eadovali prid\u00e1vanie fluoridu v\u00e1penat\u00e9ho po\u010das kalcin\u00e1cie s cie\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 obsah sod\u00edka v surovine oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho; od tejto praxe sa v\u0161ak upustilo z d\u00f4vodu ob\u00e1v t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa emisi\u00ed fluoridu do atmosf\u00e9ry. V d\u00f4sledku t\u00fdchto po\u017eiadaviek bolo potrebn\u00e9 vytvori\u0165 nov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie spracovania oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho s n\u00edzkym obsahom sod\u00edka. Hlin\u00edk vyroben\u00fd touto met\u00f3dou sa melie v atrifika\u010dnom mlyne s pou\u017eit\u00edm kyseliny octovej s cie\u013eom odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 s\u00f3du a vyrobi\u0165 v\u00fdrobky s n\u00edzkym obsahom sod\u00edka. Zr\u00e1\u017eanie oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho si vy\u017eaduje plynn\u00e9 rozpra\u0161ovanie kyseliny chlorovod\u00edkovej, aby sa vytvorili kry\u0161t\u00e1ly chloridu hlinit\u00e9ho, ktor\u00e9 sa potom filtruj\u00fa, odstre\u010fuj\u00fa, prem\u00fdvaj\u00fa kyselinou chlorovod\u00edkovou, op\u00e4\u0165 filtruj\u00fa pred rozpusten\u00edm v hor\u00facej vode, \u010d\u00edm sa z\u00edska suspenzia oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho (ALO) vhodn\u00e1 na \u010fal\u0161ie spracovanie.<\/p>\n<h2>Zu\u0161\u013each\u0165ovanie<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvame ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148, sa vyr\u00e1ba zlo\u017eit\u00fdm s\u00faborom chemick\u00fdch reakci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa rafin\u00e1ciou bauxitu. Hlin\u00edk (Al2O3) sl\u00fa\u017ei ako surovina na v\u00fdrobu prim\u00e1rneho hlin\u00edka elektrolytick\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom; jeho \u010fal\u0161ie vyu\u017eitie v\u0161ak \u010faleko presahuje r\u00e1mec prim\u00e1rnej v\u00fdroby; na v\u00fdrobu jednej tony prim\u00e1rneho hlin\u00edka s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 pribli\u017ene dve tony; v skuto\u010dnosti zohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu aj v mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tkach, ako s\u00fa \u017eiaruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na vyzdievanie vysokoteplotn\u00fdch rota\u010dn\u00fdch pec\u00ed a pec\u00ed, ako abraz\u00edvny materi\u00e1l, ako br\u00fasna l\u00e1tka, a dokonca aj v procesoch \u010distenia vody.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u0165a\u017eby bauxitu sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje povrchovou \u0165a\u017ebou, pri\u010dom na tri krajiny - Austr\u00e1liu, \u010c\u00ednu a Guineu - pripad\u00e1 72% celosvetovej produkcie. Bauxit sa odober\u00e1 zo zeme pomocou met\u00f3d, ako s\u00fa trhacie pr\u00e1ce, v\u0155tanie a trhanie ve\u013ek\u00fdmi buldoz\u00e9rmi, a potom sa prepravuje priamo do bl\u00edzkych rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho na \u010fal\u0161ie spracovanie.<\/p>\n<p>Rafin\u00e1cia oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho je zlo\u017eit\u00fd \u0161tvorstup\u0148ov\u00fd proces. Najprv sa bauxit mus\u00ed premy\u0165 a prefiltrova\u0165, aby sa odstr\u00e1nili ne\u010distoty, ako je napr\u00edklad oxid kremi\u010dit\u00fd. Potom sa zelen\u00fd l\u00fah zahrieva na vysok\u00e9 teploty v peci so s\u00f3dou kaustickou na mie\u0161anie, a\u017e k\u00fdm ned\u00f4jde ku kry\u0161taliz\u00e1cii v zr\u00e1\u017eac\u00edch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch so semenn\u00fdmi \u010dasticami roztoku hydroxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, ktor\u00e9 na\u0148 nasadili rozsieva\u010de; zr\u00e1\u017eanie potom podnecuje \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rast \u010fal\u0161ieho roztoku hydroxidu hlinit\u00e9ho pred prechodom k \u010fal\u0161\u00edm krokom rafin\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>zv\u00e1ranie sa \u010dasto vykon\u00e1va v rafin\u00e9ri\u00e1ch oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a bansk\u00fdch diel\u0148ach, \u010do vedie k vystaveniu v\u00fdparom a prachu, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k ochoreniam d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest a zraneniam. Preto by sa mali zavies\u0165 kontroly na minimaliz\u00e1ciu tohto rizika, vystavenia vibr\u00e1ci\u00e1m a vystavenia nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm l\u00e1tkam, ke\u010f\u017ee v tropick\u00fdch oblastiach, kde je pr\u00e1ca vonku normou, vznikaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie probl\u00e9my t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa zdravia pri pr\u00e1ci, ktor\u00e9 potenci\u00e1lne zvy\u0161uj\u00fa vystavenie pracovn\u00edkov tepeln\u00e9mu stresu, zatia\u013e \u010do \u00fanava z vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed cel\u00e9ho tela sa sp\u00e1ja so strojmi, ako s\u00fa \u0161krabky, vrtn\u00e9 s\u00fapravy, n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 alebo r\u00fdpadl\u00e1 obsluhuj\u00face tak\u00e9to stroje.<\/p>\n<h2>Tavenie<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk je z\u00e1kladnou surovinou potrebnou na v\u00fdrobu hlin\u00edka. Vyr\u00e1ba sa \u0161tvorstup\u0148ov\u00fdm procesom zn\u00e1mym ako Bayerov proces - pomenovan\u00fd po svojom tvorcovi Karlovi Josefovi Bayerovi. Bauxitov\u00e1 ruda sa jemne pomelie a priv\u00e1dza sa do fermentora vyhrievan\u00e9ho parou, kde sa pod tlakom zmie\u0161a s roztokom hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho a vytvor\u00ed sa roztok hlinitanu sodn\u00e9ho (zelen\u00fd l\u00fah), zatia\u013e \u010do odpad z hydroxidu sodn\u00e9ho sa recykluje sp\u00e4\u0165 do fermenta\u010dn\u00e9ho procesu ako surovina; oxid hlinit\u00fd sa potom m\u00f4\u017ee extrahova\u0165 odparovan\u00edm a kry\u0161taliz\u00e1ciou, \u010d\u00edm sa z\u00edska biely pr\u00e1\u0161ok zn\u00e1my ako gibbsit.<\/p>\n<p>Redukcia oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho na ingoty &gt;&gt;Po\u010das reduk\u010dnej f\u00e1zy v\u00fdroby sa oxid hlinit\u00fd rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a v takzvan\u00fdch reduk\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch - hlbok\u00fdch obd\u013a\u017enikov\u00fdch oce\u013eov\u00fdch \u0161krupin\u00e1ch vylo\u017een\u00fdch uhl\u00edkom alebo grafitom, v ktor\u00fdch sa nach\u00e1dza kryolitov\u00fd elektrolyt. Elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad prech\u00e1dza touto zmesou, zatia\u013e \u010do uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 an\u00f3dy sl\u00fa\u017eia ako kat\u00f3dy; hlin\u00edk a kysl\u00edk z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho reaguj\u00fa s uhl\u00edkovou an\u00f3dou za vzniku plynn\u00e9ho oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, ktor\u00fd potom reaguje s kovov\u00fdmi hlin\u00edkov\u00fdmi an\u00f3dami ako kat\u00f3dami za vzniku plynn\u00e9ho oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, pri\u010dom na kat\u00f3de zost\u00e1va len kovov\u00fd hlin\u00edk; ten sa potom dost\u00e1va do udr\u017eiavac\u00edch pec\u00ed, kde sa odstra\u0148uj\u00fa ne\u010distoty, prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa leguj\u00face prvky a odlieva sa do ingotov.<\/p>\n<p>Ingoty oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na v\u00fdrobu cel\u00e9ho radu v\u00fdrobkov. M\u00f4\u017eu sa valcova\u0165 na plechy, f\u00f3lie a ty\u010de; vytl\u00e1\u010da\u0165 na dlh\u00e9 ty\u010de pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu dr\u00f4tov; alebo sa z nich such\u00fdm izostatick\u00fdm lisovan\u00edm alebo odlievan\u00edm vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa dlh\u00e9 ty\u010de pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu dr\u00f4tov. Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 ingoty sa m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e formova\u0165 do r\u00f4znych tvarov prostredn\u00edctvom valcovania za tepla alebo za studena; klzn\u00e9ho odlievania; vstrekovania alebo vstrekovac\u00edch techn\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p>\u0164a\u017eobn\u00e9, rafin\u00e9rske a hutn\u00edcke prev\u00e1dzky sa sna\u017eia minimalizova\u0165 svoj vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm energeticky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed a v\u00fdvojom recykla\u010dn\u00fdch procesov. Po ukon\u010den\u00ed \u0165a\u017eobn\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed sa usiluj\u00fa o obnovu p\u00f4dy do p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho stavu hne\u010f po ukon\u010den\u00ed \u0165a\u017eobn\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed. Zne\u010distenie ovzdu\u0161ia mo\u017eno kontrolova\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom vhodn\u00fdch ventila\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ako aj zariaden\u00ed na kontrolu zne\u010distenia ovzdu\u0161ia, napr\u00edklad skruberov. Zne\u010distenie vody mo\u017eno zmierni\u0165 recykl\u00e1ciou trosky, odpadov\u00fdch kvapal\u00edn a plynov na op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At approximately 85%, worldwide bauxite production serves as feedstock for the production of alumina. Australia mines and refines alumina in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alumina-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=114"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":115,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114\/revisions\/115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aluminaceramics.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}